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Introduction to Social Science History Level one: Prehistoric and Greek images of men and women - Body and mind (the birth of reason) perceived in images.
Looking at pictures of artifacts (objects made by human beings) from the ground that archaeologists interpret as images of human forms and asking you to speculate on what they represent. This theme seeks to show you the need to use imagination in interpreting data and to reflect on the images of gender, family, the body and the mind that emerge in the interpretation of these particular images.
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Nature and reason in Plato and Aristotle. How nature and reason relate to social structure and the self. Showing how the hierarchical organisation (structure) of society relates to the hierarchical organisation of personality. Discuss the diagram of the just society and the just soul. What is hierarchy and where do we find it? What is reason and where do we find that? Should reason govern in the common interest? Discussion: Do men and women think differently?
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Saint Simon's outline of history - Ancient world - Medieval world - Modern world. Showing how the structure of society, and its culture, can be analysed as changing over time. Relating this to Auguste Comte's statics and dynamics. We will focus on Medieval worlds: The organisation of all knowledge from heaven downwards (Theology). Feudal hierarchy. Church and state. Theological (Jewish, Christian and Islamic) views of the first humans (Adam and Eve) and their state of nakedness. See the Cartoon of Adam and Eve
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Looking at the history charts again. Wednesday 31.10.2012 DEADLINE for fixing titles for History courses.
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State of Nature Theory Changing the Adam and Eve story into a theory that starts with the natural world. Introducing Hobbes and Locke and looking particularly at Hobbes "trains of thought" and at the diagrammatic picture from the front of Leviathan showing the sovereign and reliance on the power of arms and the power of ideas.
Hobbes is a precursor of utilitarian and
Weberian theory.
Discussion: What would we be like if we were stripped of all our social characteristics?
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Utilitarian theory in sociology and criminology Beccaria and Bentham: Classical theorists Contrast with Lombroso and positivist theories What is madness? Watson and Skinner) - behaviourism - George Herbert Mead - social behaviourism Lombroso - biological positivism Freud - psychological poitivism Durkheim - sociological positivism Continue the discussion in the next two weeks with respect to the individual and soociety
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Discussion: Are we naturally selfish?
John Locke versus Robert Filmer and Thomas Hobbes The social contract (state of nature as in Locke) versus the family model of society (Filmer). Stressing Filmer's secular (natural) rather than his theological arguments. State of nature (individuals make society) versus transcendant (society is above the individual) themes in modern social theory. Locke's idea of reason as inter-personal contrasted with Hobbes' idea that we are self centred. Relate to behaviourism and social-behaviourism (Mead and symbolic interactionism) Key theme 2012: Family models of society and how they relate to Marx and Engels, Taylor and Mill, Durkheim and Freud.
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The individual and society: Plato's chart Harriet Taylor - John Stuart Mill - Friederich Engels and Saint Simon's charts. Sigmund Freud and the collective unconscious Emile Durkheim and suicide George Herbert Mead mind and body Erving Goffman: moral careers through social institutions.
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Key theme 2012: How this relates to Sigmund Freud
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Individual and society: Discussion continued from last week
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Rousseau and the French Revolution Contrasting Rousseau with Hobbes on the ability of physical force to establish society. Rousseau's idea of the general will and how it generates reason and humanity from the state of nature. How this relates to gender and how it relates to slavery. How it relates to the reform of society and the French Revolution.
Rousseau is a precursor of Durkheimian theory.
Key theme 2012: How this relates to Marx, Engels and Durkheim with respect to crime
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Prisons and mental hospitals - identity and institutions. Erving Goffman The case of Mary Lamb
Monday 3.12.2010 Resubmission deadline for any History essays that
need bibliography and/or references and/or self-assessment added.
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Adam Smith and the wealth of society - Outlining the analysis of society by the balance of different sentiments. Different sentiments more important in different spheres of society. Looking particularly at self-interest and how, in the economic sphere, it contributes to the general good more than altruism. The (economic) division of labour and its power. Contrast with the division of labour in Durkheim's work.
Key theme 2012: The division of labour in Adam Smith, Marx and Engels and Durkheim
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Talking about concepts Self and body Sex Other concepts to be filled in
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Utilitarianism - Explaining the principle that the search for happiness and avoidance of pain explains all human actions and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number is the recipe for a good society. Bentham's theory of fictions: ideologies of the ruling classes are designed to hide from the ruled the true motives of the rulers. Compare Bentham's associationism with the behaviourism of the psychologist and social theorist Skinner.
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- Review of
progress in the countdown to finishing.
Referencing -
Self-assessment - Life and works.
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To be decided
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Thinking Sociologically
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Monday 14.1.2013
DEADLINE
HISTORY ESSAY submission - NOW DEFERRED On History of
Social Ideas all students should receive the detailed feedback on their
drafts by 17.1.2013. They should allow themselves 14 days from the receipt
of feedback to complete their essay. On History of Social Science, Madness
and Crime there are special circumstances this year and guidance will be
given later for a deadline for essay submission.
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No lecture - Student Guided Study Week 1
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Thinking Sociologically
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No lecture - Student Guided Study Week 1
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Utilitarianism, socialism and feminism Robert Owen's concept of self-interest as co-operation. His model factory, village community and life-long education system. The ideal cooperative community and the liberation of women from male violence. Thompson and Wheeler and the systematic exposition of utilitarian feminism. Different visions of social cages. Where does the total institution or panopticon end?
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Men, women and children in the coal mines Looking first at the issues around women and children working in the coal mines, and why it was banned. Then at the theories that explained the social upheavals of the 1840s. Starting with Lord Ashley's theory of the disintegration of society and the family by the market. Mill and Taylor's depiction of this (Lord Ashley's theory) as dependency theory, and their own theory of the developing self-determination of the labouring classes and women.
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Friday 1.2.2013 DEADLINE for concluding History reviews.
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The family as a model for society. Dependency and self-determination theories as described by Harriet Taylor and John Stuart Mill in 1848. The development of self-determination as a key to human history (following Wollstonecraft), as developed by John Stuart Mill in The Subjection of Women (1869). The family as a school to train its members for participation as free men and women in a free society.
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Changing structures in 1840s Britain. Economics and class conflict The theory of the cash-nexus from Thomas Carlyle as interpreted by Friedrich Engels. Then, based on Engels The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1845, the breakdown of the pre-industrial society and the commercialisation of human relations. How this related to class, politics, the family, sex and crime. See Engels on Crime. Then, based on The Communist Manifesto, 1848, the theory of history as class conflict, building on Saint Simon.
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Production, Reproduction, Politics. Discussing Shulamith Firestone's chart of Engels' (1884) The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. Explaining the difference between production, reproduction and politics and the speculations about their development and mutual inter-action. Locating course themes on the chart, including pre-history, Freud's speculation about the tribal horde, the birth of reason, Plato and Aristotle, the city state, the medieval world and feudalism, the modern state and modern society, and future society.
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Max Weber: Social theory of action and the modern state Relating Weber to Hobbes. Showing how Weber's methodology is based on individuals and the meanings they give to actions as the real basis of society. The importance of politics (the sovereign in Hobbes) in imposing regularity on the diversity of individual desires through force (the power of the gun) and legitimacy (the power of ideas - KultureKampf - cultural war). Charisma and history. Emile Durkheim: Society is real and history needs criminals Relating Durkheim to Rousseau's concept of the general will. Showing how Durkheim's work all centre's round the effort to demonstrate that society is real and not an artificial construction of individuals. The social division of labour contrasted with Adam Smith's concept. The inter-dependence of individual action and social tradition, as illustrated by aborigine dances changing. Contrasting Durkheim's theory of society as real with Bentham's utilitarianism and showing how this leads to contrasting theories of the nature of crime and punishment. Deviancy and conformity and history.
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Sigmund Freud: Unconscious meanings in the development of individuals and society The interpretation of the individual mind (dreams, free association and errors) and the collective mind (myths, folklore, religion) as symbols of an underlying reality. Reason and unreason as elements in social analysis. Contrast with the dominance of reason in the structural hierarchy of Plato.
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Robert Merton and Talcott Parsons: Structural functionalism illustrated by theories of criminal choice and sick roles. Discussing meanings of structure and function in work of Parsons and Merton. Relating to the Weberian theory of action and what Parson's calls the "Hobbesian problem of order". How the freedom of the individual to choose actions is preserved within Merton's theory of crime. How role-playing is part of sickness in Parson's theory.
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To be decided
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Criminology and Sociology Modules Tutorial Week
Criminology and Sociology Modules Tutorial Week
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Know what you are doing:
Read about flexible and classroom education, and think about the strengths and weaknesses of each.
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